Concludes that risk‐reduction education needs to be made personally relevant to the target audience. Participants could provide information about their own behaviour that they felt justified their positive outlook however, they implicitly assumed that the comparison target did not engage in the same behaviour. It occurred for all six events when comparisons were made with an unspecified person of the same age and sex, and occurred for three of six events when comparisons were made with the same‐sex best friend. In contrast to dispositional optimism, which is about one’s expectations of general outcomes, comparative and unrealistic optimism relate to expectations of specific events that may occur in the. ![]() The results showed that optimistic bias is a pervasive phenomenon that occurs for both positive and negative events. In these cases, the terms unrealistic absolute optimism or unrealistic comparative optimism, respectively, may be applied (Klein & Weinstein, 1997). Participants were asked why they offered different ratings for themselves and for others. Unrealistic optimism can be operationalized in multiple ways is commonplace yet has well- established boundary conditions occurs for a variety of reasons. Presents results of an investigation into the occurrence of optimistic bias in relation to both positive and negative events, using absolute judgements to assess perceived risk for each of six events. Optimistic bias for negative and positive events Optimistic bias for negative and positive events
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